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Related Concept Videos

Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

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Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

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A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

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Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
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Regulation of the Digestive System01:25

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Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
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Related Experiment Video

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Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
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Signalling in the gut endocrine axis.

Fiona M Gribble1, Frank Reimann1

  • 1Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.

Physiology & Behavior
|March 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enteroendocrine L-cells sense nutrients in the gut, releasing Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1). Understanding these pathways is key for developing new treatments for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

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Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal epithelium act as sensory cells.
  • These cells produce hormones regulating gastrointestinal physiology, metabolism, and food intake.
  • Nutrient absorption triggers cellular responses via transporters, G-protein coupled receptors, and ion channels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of L-cell response to dietary components.
  • To highlight the role of L-cells in producing Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1).
  • To emphasize the physiological importance and therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cellular signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of nutrient sensing mechanisms in L-cells.
  • Discussion of GLP-1 secretion pathways.

Main Results:

  • L-cells detect diverse nutrients through specific molecular pathways.
  • GLP-1 release is modulated by various ingested food components.
  • These pathways are crucial for metabolic homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding L-cell nutrient sensing is vital for gastrointestinal physiology.
  • Targeting GLP-1 pathways offers promising therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can advance metabolic disease treatment.