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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
6.6K
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

5.1K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Catenins01:23

Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors
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Protecting PTEN in the Nucleus

    Cancer Discovery
    |March 5, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Importin-11 transports the tumor suppressor PTEN to the nucleus, preventing its breakdown. Loss of Importin-11 increases cancer risk and indicates a worse prognosis in patients with prostate and lung tumors.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Oncology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • PTEN is a critical tumor suppressor protein.
    • PTEN degradation in the cytoplasm can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
    • Nuclear import mechanisms for PTEN are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of Importin-11 in PTEN regulation.
    • To determine the impact of Importin-11 on tumor development.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized mouse models lacking Importin-11.
    • Analyzed PTEN localization and degradation.
    • Examined tumor samples from patients.

    Main Results:

    • Importin-11 directly binds to PTEN and facilitates its nuclear translocation.

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  • Mice deficient in Importin-11 exhibit increased susceptibility to lung tumorigenesis.
  • Reduced Importin-11 expression correlates with poor prognosis in human prostate and lung cancers.

    • Conclusions:

    • Importin-11 acts as a key regulator of PTEN stability and function.
    • Targeting Importin-11 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
    • Importin-11 deficiency is a potential biomarker for cancer prognosis.