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Elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) impact bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) metabolism and barrier function. Apical NEFA exposure disrupts barrier integrity and alters cellular lipid handling, suggesting the oviduct acts as a gatekeeper.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are crucial for cellular energy but can disrupt cell function at elevated levels.
  • The bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) play a critical role in early embryo development and maternal recognition of pregnancy.
  • Understanding how NEFA affects BOEC function is vital for improving reproductive outcomes in cattle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of elevated NEFA on *in vitro* bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) metabolism and barrier function.
  • To determine how the location of NEFA exposure (apical vs. basal) influences BOEC responses.
  • To elucidate the cellular mechanisms by which NEFA modifies BOEC physiology.

Main Methods:

  • BOECs were cultured in a polarized system and treated with varying concentrations of NEFA.
  • Monolayer permeability was assessed using FITC-albumin flux and transepithelial electric resistance (TER).
  • Metabolite concentrations, intracellular lipid accumulation, fatty acid transporter expression, and gene expression were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Apical NEFA exposure significantly reduced barrier integrity (TER) and increased permeability (FITC-albumin flux).
  • Basal NEFA exposure led to the transfer of free fatty acids to the apical compartment.
  • Apical NEFA induced intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and upregulated fatty acid uptake and metabolism-related genes.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated NEFA differentially affects BOEC metabolism and barrier function based on the site of exposure.
  • The bovine oviduct acts as a gatekeeper, potentially modulating the uterine environment by altering NEFA exposure to the early embryo.
  • These findings highlight the importance of managing NEFA levels for optimal bovine reproductive health.