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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.7K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.7K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

3.0K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
3.0K
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

1.1K
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
1.1K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

47.6K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
47.6K
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

1.6K
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
1.6K
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

1.4K
EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion
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Additive and reducing Effects between Calcium Hydroxide and Current Irrigation Solutions.

Zahed Mohammadi1,2, Hamid Jafarzadeh3, Sousan Shalavi4

  • 1Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice
|March 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Combining calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) with irrigants like sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, or iodine potassium iodide may enhance its effectiveness against difficult-to-treat root canal infections. This review explores these combined endodontic medicaments.

Keywords:
Calcium hydroxideChlorhexidineEndodonticsIrrigation Sodium hypochlorite.

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Microbiology
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Pulpo-periapical diseases are initiated and sustained by microorganisms.
  • Intracanal medicaments are crucial for achieving a bacteria-free root canal system.
  • Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is a common endodontic medicament but shows limited efficacy against certain microbes like Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) when combined with other irrigating solutions as an intracanal medicament.
  • To evaluate the potential of combined medicaments against resistant microorganisms in endodontic therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating intracanal medicaments.
  • Analysis of research on the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) alone and in combination with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and iodine potassium iodide (IKI).

Main Results:

  • Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) demonstrates effectiveness against primary infection sources.
  • Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and iodine potassium iodide (IKI) show potent activity against challenging microorganisms.
  • Combinations of Ca(OH)2 with these irrigants are explored for enhanced antimicrobial action.

Conclusions:

  • Combining calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) with specific irrigants may offer a more effective strategy against persistent root canal pathogens.
  • Further research is warranted to establish optimal combinations and protocols for intracanal medicaments.