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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.1K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood
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Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

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New checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy.

Ling Ni1, Chen Dong1

  • 1Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Immunological Reviews
|March 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Novel immune checkpoint molecules B7-H3, B7S1, and VISTA are explored for their roles in T cell regulation and anti-tumor immunity. These pathways offer potential for future cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • T cell-mediated immune responses are crucial for pathogen clearance and tumor cell killing, but must be balanced with self-tolerance.
  • Immune checkpoints regulate T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, influencing the outcome of immune responses.
  • Existing immunotherapies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have shown significant success in cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expression of B7-H3, B7S1, and VISTA in tumors.
  • To summarize the roles of these novel inhibitory B7 family checkpoint molecules in T cell immune responses.
  • To explore their potential in suppressing anti-tumor immunity and their implications for future cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on B7-H3, B7S1, and VISTA.
Keywords:
VISTAB7-H3B7S1immune checkpointsimmunotherapy

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  • Analysis of published data on checkpoint molecule expression in various tumor types.
  • Synthesis of information regarding their impact on T cell activation and function.

    • Main Results:

    • B7-H3, B7S1, and VISTA are expressed in tumors and modulate T cell responses.
    • These molecules act as inhibitory checkpoints, potentially suppressing anti-tumor immunity.
    • Their specific mechanisms of action and tumor expression patterns vary.

    Conclusions:

    • B7-H3, B7S1, and VISTA represent promising targets for novel cancer immunotherapies.
    • Understanding their roles in immune suppression is key to developing effective therapeutic strategies.
    • Further research into these pathways could lead to advancements in harnessing the immune system against cancer.