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Genome Copying Errors

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.

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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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Published on: May 25, 2018

eIF4E Resistance: Natural Variation Should Guide Gene Editing.

Anna Bastet¹, Christophe Robaglia², Jean-Luc Gallois³

¹GAFL, INRA, 84140, Montfavet, France; Aix Marseille University, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Marseille F-13009, France; CEA, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille, Marseille F-13009, France.

Trends in Plant Science

|March 5, 2017

Summary

Natural resistance to RNA viruses often involves translation initiation factors (eIF4E). Gene editing can create new resistance alleles by designing functional variants, overcoming redundancy issues in breeding for enhanced plant immunity.

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Area of Science:

Plant molecular biology
Virology
Genetics

Background:

Translation initiation factors, specifically eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), are key susceptibility factors for RNA viruses.
Natural resistance alleles in eIF4E typically maintain protein function while conferring resistance.
Gene editing offers a way to introduce viral resistance in crops lacking natural alleles, often by targeting eIF4E genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the challenges posed by eIF4E gene redundancy in developing virus-resistant crops using gene editing.
To explore the potential of designing novel, functional eIF4E alleles for enhanced viral resistance.
To leverage evolutionary insights into eIF4E gene diversification for agricultural applications.

Main Methods:

Analysis of eIF4E gene redundancy in plant species.
Application of gene-editing technologies to modify eIF4E genes.
Evaluation of engineered eIF4E alleles for viral resistance and plant physiology.

Main Results:

Gene redundancy among eIF4E factors can limit the effectiveness of simple knockout strategies for breeding viral resistance.
Designing de novo functional eIF4E alleles presents a viable alternative to overcome redundancy.
Engineered eIF4E alleles can confer resistance to viruses without compromising essential plant physiological functions.

Conclusions:

Redundancy in eIF4E genes necessitates advanced gene-editing strategies beyond simple knockouts for effective viral resistance breeding.
Designing functional eIF4E alleles, informed by natural evolutionary patterns, is a promising approach for durable viral resistance in crops.
This strategy offers a path to enhance crop immunity without detrimental effects on plant growth and development.