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Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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The Evolutionary Relationship between Alternative Splicing and Gene Duplication.

Luis P Iñiguez1, Georgina Hernández1

  • 1Programa de Genómica Funcional de Eucariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, México.

Frontiers in Genetics
|March 7, 2017
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Summary

Gene duplication and alternative splicing both increase protein diversity. This review explores how alternative splicing patterns change after gene duplication, a key area in evolutionary biology.

Keywords:
alternative splicingevolutiongene duplicationmRNA isoformspolyploidy

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Protein diversity arises from evolutionary mechanisms like gene duplication (GD) and alternative splicing (AS).
  • GD and AS increase the repertoire of proteins through different evolutionary pathways.
  • Understanding the interplay between GD and AS is crucial for comprehending protein evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the evolutionary relationship between alternative splicing (AS) and gene duplication (GD).
  • To investigate how alternative splicing patterns are affected following gene duplication events.
  • To highlight the significance of studying the combined impact of AS and GD on protein diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gene duplication and alternative splicing.
  • Analysis of evolutionary relationships and patterns between these two processes.
  • Synthesis of current understanding regarding their contribution to protein variation.

Main Results:

  • Both gene duplication and alternative splicing are major drivers of protein diversity.
  • The evolutionary mechanisms and outcomes of GD and AS differ.
  • The impact of gene duplication on alternative splicing patterns is an understudied area.

Conclusions:

  • Gene duplication and alternative splicing are critical, yet distinct, contributors to protein evolution.
  • Further research into the relationship between GD and AS is warranted to fully understand protein diversity.
  • Investigating how AS evolves post-GD is essential for evolutionary studies.