Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 6, 2026
08:15
Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face
Published on: January 7, 2019
7.4K
Introducing Human Mandible Identification [(hu)MANid]: A Free, Web-Based GUI to Classify Human Mandibles.
Gregory E Berg1, Michael W Kenyhercz1,2
1Central Identification Laboratory, Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, 590 Moffet Street, JBPHH, HI.
Journal of Forensic Sciences
|March 7, 2017
Summary
Forensic anthropologists can now classify human mandibles using the free (hu)MANid web application. Mixture discriminant analysis within the tool improved classification accuracy by 9.3% compared to linear discriminant analysis.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Anthropology
- Bioinformatics
- Statistical Analysis
Background:
- Statistical programs enhance forensic anthropology casework with complex analytics.
- Reproducibility and error measures in statistical outputs strengthen forensic conclusions.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce (hu)MANid, a free, web-based application for classifying human mandibles.
- Utilize linear and mixture discriminant function analyses for classification into global or temporal groups.
Main Methods:
- Developed and discussed the mechanics, development, and usage of the (hu)MANid application.
- Compared (hu)MANid's model performance and classification accuracy against other software.
- Tested ten mandibles using both linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and mixture discriminant analysis (MDA).
Main Results:
- Identical total correct classifications were observed between tested programs.
- Mixture discriminant analysis (MDA) demonstrated a 9.3% average improvement in classification.
- MDA correctly identified three additional mandibles compared to LDA.
Conclusions:
- The (hu)MANid application is a valuable tool for the anthropological community.
- Mixture discriminant analysis offers enhanced classification accuracy for human mandible analysis.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Classification of Bones
10.7K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
10.7K
01:19Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
13.1K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
13.1K
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
7.7K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
7.7K
01:21Tooth Anatomy
2.5K
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
2.5K
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
8.3K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
8.3K
01:14Muscles for Facial Expressions
5.3K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
5.3K