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Ancestral Variation in Orbital Rim Shape: A Three-Dimensional Pilot Study.

Katie M Rubin1,2, Valerie B DeLeon2

  • 1C. A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Room G-17, Gainesville, FL 32610.

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Orbital rim shape differs significantly across ancestral groups, with geometric morphometrics revealing distinct patterns in European, African, and Asian individuals. These curviplanar variations offer new insights into ancestry assessment.

Keywords:
ancestryanthropologyforensic sciencegeometric morphometricsobserver biasorbital shape

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic anthropology
  • Biological anthropology
  • Human variation studies

Background:

  • Traditional methods for determining ancestry often rely on nonmetric traits of the orbital rim.
  • These methods may be limited by subjective interpretation and skull orientation.
  • A quantitative approach is needed to objectively assess orbital rim variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of 3D geometric morphometrics for discriminating ancestry based on orbital rim shape.
  • To identify specific curviplanar features of the orbital rim that vary significantly among ancestral groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D morphometric analysis of orbital variation in individuals of European, African, and Asian ancestry.
  • Applied principal components analysis (PCA) to quantify and compare orbital rim shape differences.

Main Results:

  • Principal components analysis indicated a significant effect of ancestry on orbital rim shape (p = 2.93e-04).
  • European orbits showed more sagittal plane folding compared to African and Asian orbits.
  • African orbits exhibited a more posterior lateral margin relative to the medial margin than Asian orbits.

Conclusions:

  • Curviplanar relationships of the orbital rim are key informative aspects for ancestry assessment.
  • Geometric morphometrics provides a more objective and detailed analysis than traditional nonmetric methods.
  • Further research into geometric morphometric approaches for ancestry assessment is recommended.