Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

3.4K
Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
3.4K
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

1.1K
Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
1.1K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

2.4K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
2.4K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

7.7K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
7.7K
Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

1.5K
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
1.5K
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

3.7K
Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictors of improved attentional control after Virtual Reality-based cognitive rehabilitation in chronic traumatic brain injury.

Disability and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Probing DNA damage in Rett syndrome neurons uncovers a role for MECP2 regulation of PARP1.

Stem cell reports·2026
Same author

Probing DNA damage in Rett syndrome neurons uncovers a role for MECP2 regulation of PARP1.

Stem cell reports·2025
Same author

A Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody Isolated From a Beekeeper Targets the Immunodominant IgE Epitope of Api m 10.

Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology·2024
Same author

Virtual reality as a method of cognitive training of processing speed, working memory, and sustained attention in persons with acquired brain injury: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Trials·2024
Same author

Does moderate intensity impact exercise and non-impact exercise induce acute changes in collagen biochemical markers related to osteoarthritis? - An exploratory randomized cross-over trial.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

22.1K

Muscle oxygen saturation increases during head-up tilt-induced (pre)syncope.

A Lund1, H Sørensen2, T W Jensen2

  • 1Department of Neuroanaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|March 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Muscle vasodilation contributes to hypotension during central hypovolemia. Increased muscle oxygenation (SmO2) during head-up tilt (HUT)-induced presyncope suggests vasodilation plays a key role.

Keywords:
cerebral blood flowhead-up tiltmuscle oxygenationnear-infrared spectroscopyskin blood flowsyncope

More Related Videos

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure
04:20

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.3K
Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
09:04

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2018

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

22.1K
Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure
04:20

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.3K
Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
09:04

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2018

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Autonomic Function

Background:

  • Central hypovolemia can lead to hypotension.
  • The role of muscle vasodilation in this response is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of muscle vasodilatation in hypotension during central hypovolemia.
  • To examine muscle oxygenation (SmO2) during head-up tilt (HUT)-induced presyncope.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty healthy males underwent passive 50° HUT.
  • Muscle oxygenation (SmO2), skin blood flow (SkBF), cerebral oxygenation (ScO2), and middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity (MCAvmean) were measured.
  • Hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Presyncope was associated with decreased MAP, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR).
  • Cerebral oxygenation (ScO2) and MCAvmean decreased significantly.
  • Muscle oxygenation (SmO2) increased, while skin oxygenation (SskinO2) and skin blood flow (SkBF) decreased.

Conclusions:

  • Head-up tilt (HUT)-induced hypotension is linked to reduced cerebral perfusion.
  • Increased muscle oxygenation (SmO2) during presyncope, despite reduced skin blood flow (SkBF), supports a significant role for muscle vasodilation in HUT-induced hypotension.