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Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

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To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
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The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail...
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Handwashing is hand hygiene with plain or antimicrobial soap and water to physically remove dirt, organic material, and microorganisms. However, it may not kill all microorganisms. The handwashing procedure requires a hand wash basin, liquid soap, paper towels, a domestic waste bin, and disposable nail cleaner as optional equipment.
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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens
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Hand washing.

Erin Dean

    Nursing Children and Young People
    |March 7, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Antimicrobial resistance, caused by improper medicine use, leads to over 700,000 deaths annually. Without intervention, this figure could reach 10 million by 2050, highlighting a critical global health threat.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerges from the inappropriate use of antimicrobial medicines.
    • Drug-resistant infections pose a significant and growing global health challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the current and projected impact of antimicrobial resistance on global mortality.
    • To underscore the urgency of addressing inappropriate antimicrobial use.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of global estimates on deaths attributed to drug-resistant infections.
    • Projection of future mortality trends based on current antimicrobial resistance trends.

    Main Results:

    • Over 700,000 deaths globally are currently attributed to drug-resistant bacterial and viral infections annually.

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  • Projected mortality from antimicrobial resistance could reach 10 million deaths per year by 2050 if current trends persist.

    • Conclusions:

    • Inappropriate antimicrobial use is the primary driver of antimicrobial resistance.
    • Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical and escalating threat to global public health, necessitating immediate action.