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Hypercholesterolemia As a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease: Current Controversial Therapeutic Management

Arturo Zárate1, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar1, Renata Saucedo1

  • 1Endocrine Research Unit, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.

Archives of Medical Research
|March 7, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Managing cholesterol levels is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Despite advances in cholesterol-lowering drugs and understanding, effective prevention of atherosclerosis remains a challenge, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Cholesterol is vital for steroid hormones and cell membranes.
  • Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
  • Historical research spans 200 years, from naming cholesterol to understanding LDL receptors and developing lipid-lowering drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical context and current challenges in managing hypercholesterolemia.
  • To discuss the ongoing debate regarding optimal medical therapies for high cholesterol.
  • To emphasize the multifactorial approach required for atherosclerosis prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical milestones in cholesterol and atherosclerosis research.
  • Analysis of the evolution of pharmacological interventions for hypercholesterolemia.
  • Synthesis of current recommendations for managing cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Despite numerous drug classes (fibrates, statins, ezetimibe, anti-PCSK9) and historical discoveries, cardiovascular disease morbidity has not significantly decreased.
  • Controversy persists regarding the most effective medical therapy for hypercholesterolemia.
  • Dietary recommendations concerning sugar and fat intake remain a key consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive management strategies are essential for preventing atherosclerosis.
  • These strategies should include controlling circulating cholesterol levels.
  • Integrated approaches encompassing hypertension control, diabetes regulation, and dietary modifications are recommended.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisCardiovascular diseaseHypercholesterolemiaLipoproteinsStatins

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