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Biochemical and anthropometric correlates of bio-electrical impedance parameters in severely malnourished children: A

Tsinuel Girma1, Anne-Louise Hother Nielsen2, Pernille Kæstel2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia.

Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|March 7, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Bio-impedance (BI) in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is affected by nutritional edema. Soft tissue mass, albumin, and electrolytes explain BI variations in SAM, aiding clinical assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Biomarkers

Background:

  • Bio-impedance (BI) is increasingly used, but its clinical significance in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is not well understood.
  • Understanding BI correlates is crucial for assessing nutritional status and fluid balance in SAM.
  • Limited data exists on the relationship between BI parameters and key physiological markers in malnourished children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlations between BI parameters and anthropometry in children with SAM.
  • To determine the association of BI with biomarkers of electrolyte balance, inflammation, and liver function in SAM.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiological significance of BI in pediatric severe acute malnutrition.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 55 Ethiopian children with SAM and 80 healthy controls.
  • Measured BI parameters (impedance, resistance, reactance, phase angle) at 50 kHz.
  • Assessed anthropometrics and serum biomarkers (electrolytes, albumin, liver enzymes, etc.).

Main Results:

  • Children with SAM, particularly those with edema, showed significantly lower BI parameters compared to controls.
  • Nutritional edema was an independent negative correlate of resistance, reactance, and phase angle.
  • Serum albumin, weight-for-height Z-score, calcium, and chloride levels were significant correlates of BI parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Nutritional edema is a primary factor influencing BI measurements in SAM.
  • BI parameters in SAM are influenced by soft tissue mass, serum albumin, and electrolyte status.
  • These findings support the use of BI as a tool to assess body composition and fluid status in SAM.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bio-electrical impedanceBiochemicalCorrelatesMalnutritionSevere acute

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