Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Membrane Carbohydrates01:30

Membrane Carbohydrates

7.6K
The plasma membrane is a dynamic barrier composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It is the epicenter of many cellular processes required for cell growth and survival. Carbohydrates have unique structural and chemical properties that help the plasma membrane to carry out its functions effectively.
Membrane carbohydrates do not have any hydrophobic region and are exclusively located on the cell's outer surface. The addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins happens in...
7.6K
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

3.8K
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
3.8K
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

92.3K
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
92.3K
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

11.0K
11.0K
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

816
Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
816
Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

123.9K
Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
123.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resources for screening the literature for glycan-related terms using PubAnnotation in GlyCosmos.

Glycobiology·2026
Same author

GalNAc-T13 maintains neurite architecture and memory retention via O-GalNAc glycosylation of seizure protein 6.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Establishing the Asia & Pacific Bioinformatics Joint Congress: a historic milestone in regional bioinformatics collaboration.

Briefings in bioinformatics·2025
Same author

Update and New Implementation of the MIRAGE Reporting Guidelines for Mass Spectrometry Experiments in Glycoscience.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP·2025
Same author

Meeting report on the 1st GlyCosmos Symposium & Jamboree-community-driven expansion of glycan-binding molecules resources.

Glycobiology·2025
Same author

Meeting Report on the 1st Asia & Pacific Bioinformatics Joint Conference (APBJC 2024).

Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

31.8K

WURCS 2.0 Update To Encapsulate Ambiguous Carbohydrate Structures.

Masaaki Matsubara1, Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita2,3, Nobuyuki P Aoki2

  • 1The Noguchi Institute , Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.

Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling
|March 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new version of the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS 2.0) now accurately represents ambiguous monosaccharide structures. This advancement enables better storage and retrieval of complex carbohydrate data in scientific literature and databases.

More Related Videos

Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis
12:02

Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis

Published on: April 11, 2016

12.1K
Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical Methylation and Physical Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques
11:49

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical Methylation and Physical Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

Published on: March 24, 2016

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

31.8K
Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis
12:02

Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis

Published on: April 11, 2016

12.1K
Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical Methylation and Physical Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques
11:49

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical Methylation and Physical Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

Published on: March 24, 2016

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Glycomics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Accurate representation of carbohydrate structures is crucial for data storage and retrieval in scientific literature and databases.
  • Existing carbohydrate representations lack sufficient rules for uniquely describing ambiguous structures, particularly concerning monosaccharide variations.
  • The previous Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) aimed for generalizability but required updates to handle ambiguity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the WURCS format to effectively represent ambiguous monosaccharide structures.
  • To address the challenge of structural ambiguity around potential carbonyl groups in carbohydrate analysis.
  • To enhance the capability of carbohydrate representation for diverse and incompletely defined structures.

Main Methods:

  • Development of WURCS 2.0, an updated version of the Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures.
  • Definition of a representation for backbone carbons that incorporates atomic-level ambiguity.
  • Implementation of specific rules to handle structural variations in monosaccharides, including undefined ring closure and partial anomeric information.

Main Results:

  • WURCS 2.0 successfully represents a broader range of carbohydrate structures, including those with ambiguous monosaccharides.
  • The updated format allows for the representation of structures where ring closure or anomeric information is not fully defined.
  • This enhanced representation capability was previously unattainable with existing formats.

Conclusions:

  • WURCS 2.0 provides a novel and comprehensive method for representing carbohydrate structures with inherent ambiguity.
  • The new format facilitates more accurate and complete data management for glycans in scientific repositories.
  • WURCS 2.0 is currently adopted by the International Glycan Structure Repository GlyTouCan, highlighting its utility and significance.