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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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Wind resource assessment in heterogeneous terrain.

C Vanderwel1, M Placidi2, B Ganapathisubramani3

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|March 8, 2017
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Surface roughness significantly impacts wind energy potential. Heterogeneous terrain, like hills and valleys, causes variations in wind resource availability and turbine performance, emphasizing the need for careful site selection.

Keywords:
heterogenous terrainturbulent boundary layerswall turbulence over rough walls

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Renewable Energy Engineering
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • Wind resource assessment is crucial for wind farm development.
  • Surface roughness heterogeneity can significantly influence wind flow patterns.
  • Understanding these influences is key to optimizing wind energy extraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-analyze high-resolution particle image velocimetry data in rough-wall boundary layers.
  • To investigate the impact of surface roughness heterogeneities on wind resource availability.
  • To examine two types of heterogeneities: repeating roughness units and streamwise-aligned elevated strips.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of high-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) data.
  • Examination of boundary layer flow over surfaces with varying roughness characteristics.
  • Analysis of flow fields, including streamwise velocity and turbulent stresses.

Main Results:

  • Power extraction potential varied up to 20% across different surface morphologies.
  • Surface frontal and plan solidities correlated with equivalent wind speed and resource potential.
  • Elevated strips mimicking hills and valleys created significant wind resource variations (over 50%) due to secondary flows.
  • Variations in thrust and power were significant with secondary flows and reduced when hills were closely spaced.
  • Dispersive and turbulent stresses differed across terrain, impacting turbine fatigue life.

Conclusions:

  • Surface morphology and terrain heterogeneity critically influence wind resource availability and power extraction.
  • Accounting for complex terrain features is essential for accurate wind energy assessment and optimal turbine siting.
  • Heterogeneous terrain can lead to variable wind turbine performance and fatigue life, necessitating careful placement within wind farms.