Inhibition of cloned hERG potassium channels by risperidone and paliperidone

Risperidone and one of its active metabolites, paliperidone, are widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia. We used a patch-clamp study to investigate the effects of paliperidone on hERG potassium channels expressed in HEK cells. Western blot analyses were used to study the effects of risperidone and paliperidone on hERG and hERG 3.1 isoform channel trafficking. Risperidone and paliperidone inhibited the hERG tail currents in a concentration-dependent manner with IC₅₀ values of 0.16 and 0.57 μM, respectively. The block of hERG currents by paliperidone was voltage-dependent, increasing over a range of voltages for channel activation. A fast application of paliperidone inhibited the hERG current elicited by a 5-s depolarizing pulse to +60 mV to fully inactivate the hERG currents, suggesting an inactivated state block. A fast application of paliperidone during repolarization reversibly inhibited the hERG tail currents in a concentration-dependent manner with a IC₅₀ value of 1.26 μM. Kinetic analysis of paliperidone interaction with the open state of the hERG channels showed that the rate constants of association (k ₊₁) and dissociation (k _-1) for paliperidone were 0.45 μM^-1 s^-1 and 1.07 s^-1, respectively. Paliperidone shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of the hERG currents in a hyperpolarizing direction and also produced a use-dependent block. Risperidone and paliperidone had no effect on hERG and hERG 3.1 channel trafficking to the cell membrane. Our results indicated that paliperidone inhibited the hERG current by preferentially interacting with the open and inactivated states of the channel, but not by disruption of hERG channel protein trafficking.