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Risk factors of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children: a case-control study

Patricia W Garcia-Marcos1,2, Mercedes Plaza-Fornieles3, Ana Menasalvas-Ruiz4

  • 1Deparment of General Pediatrics, Arrixaca University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. pat.garcia.marcos@gmail.com.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|March 8, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Contact with hens is a significant risk factor for non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lymphadenitis in children. This study identified Mycobacterium avium as the primary cause, highlighting the importance of environmental exposures in pediatric NTM lymphadenitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Environmental health
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lymphadenitis is a growing concern in pediatric populations.
  • The specific environmental triggers for NTM lymphadenitis in children remain poorly understood.
  • Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is frequently implicated in pediatric NTM infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between environmental exposures and NTM lymphadenitis in children.
  • To identify potential risk factors contributing to NTM lymphadenitis in a pediatric cohort.
  • To clarify the role of specific environmental factors in the etiology of pediatric NTM lymphadenitis.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study design was employed, comparing children with NTM lymphadenitis to healthy controls.
  • Data were collected retrospectively from January 2004 to January 2015 at a pediatric tertiary hospital.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between environmental factors and NTM lymphadenitis.

Main Results:

  • Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was the predominant species isolated in 83.3% of cases.
  • Exposure to hens showed a trend towards significant association with NTM lymphadenitis (OR=4.33, p=0.055).
  • No significant associations were found for other studied environmental risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Mycobacterium avium remains the leading cause of NTM lymphadenitis in children in the studied region.
  • Regular contact with hens emerged as the sole identified risk factor for pediatric NTM lymphadenitis in this study.
  • Contact with other farm animals was not found to be associated with NTM lymphadenitis.

Keywords:
BirdsChildrenHensLymphadenitisNon-tuberculousRisk factors

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