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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:32

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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Human NDE1 splicing and mammalian brain development.

S Mosca1, M Raponi1, A Meneghello2

  • 1Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.

Scientific Reports
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Summary

Investigating the Nuclear distribution factor E-homolog 1 (NDE1) gene reveals how alternative splicing drives human brain evolution. Evolutionary changes in gene regulation explain unique human NDE1 splicing isoforms, potentially contributing to cognitive differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Understanding human brain uniqueness requires exploring genetic and molecular differences with related species.
  • Nuclear distribution factor E-homolog 1 (NDE1) is implicated in human brain evolution and neurogenesis.
  • The evolutionary changes in NDE1, particularly its splicing, remain largely uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary changes in NDE1 gene structure and splicing.
  • To identify the regulatory elements controlling NDE1 terminal exon choice.
  • To understand the role of alternative splicing in NDE1's contribution to human brain evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of NDE1 gene structure between human and mouse.
  • Chimeric minigenes splicing assays to study terminal exon selection.
  • Investigation of cis and trans acting regulatory signals.

Main Results:

  • NDE1 exhibits different gene structures in humans and mice, leading to distinct splicing isoforms.
  • Human NDE1 utilizes terminal exon 9, absent in rodents, which use exon 8T.
  • Terminal exon selection is cell-dependent and influenced by the gain/loss of splicing regulatory sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary alterations in cis and trans acting signals are crucial for species-specific NDE1 splicing isoforms.
  • Alternative splicing plays a significant role in human genome evolution.
  • NDE1 alternative splicing may contribute to human cognitive evolution and predominance.