Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
08:31

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Published on: October 17, 2025

788

Ethnic disparities relative to disease features and outcomes in children with acute myeloid leukemia

M Monica Gramatges1, Aditya Deshpande2, Philip J Lupo1,2

  • 1Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer
|March 8, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Hispanic children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have worse outcomes than non-Hispanic white children, even with favorable genetic markers. This survival gap is linked to poorer results after stem cell transplantation in Hispanic children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology Oncology
  • Cancer Disparities Research
  • Clinical Outcomes Analysis

Background:

  • Hispanic children with acute leukemias exhibit poorer outcomes compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs).
  • This disparity persists despite a higher prevalence of favorable prognostic indicators in Hispanic pediatric patients.
  • Understanding the factors contributing to these differential outcomes is crucial for improving treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the survival outcomes of Hispanic and NHW children diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • To determine if favorable cytogenetic features, such as t(8;21), translate into survival benefits for Hispanic children.
  • To identify potential reasons for observed survival differences, particularly concerning treatment modalities like stem cell transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for 167 children (ages 0-18) with de novo AML.
  • Analysis focused on 129 self-identified Hispanic or NHW patients treated at Texas Children's Cancer Center over 18 years.
  • Comparison of event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) between ethnic groups, stratified by treatment, including upfront stem cell transplantation (SCT).

Main Results:

  • Hispanic children were significantly more likely to possess the favorable t(8;21) cytogenetic feature (P = 0.04).
  • Despite this, the expected survival advantage associated with t(8;21) was not observed in the Hispanic cohort.
  • Significantly poorer EFS and OS were noted among Hispanic children undergoing upfront SCT post-remission (P = 0.008), explaining the survival gap.

Conclusions:

  • Favorable cytogenetic markers do not confer the expected survival benefit for Hispanic children with AML.
  • Upfront stem cell transplantation in first remission is associated with inferior outcomes in Hispanic pediatric AML patients.
  • Further research is needed to address treatment-related factors contributing to ethnic disparities in pediatric AML survival.

Keywords:
acute myeloid leukemiabone marrow transplantethnicityoutcomes

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia09:57

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Published on: March 5, 2018

30.9K
Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants07:38

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Published on: June 6, 2025

878

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
2.2K
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
2.0K
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
4.1K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
342
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
405