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Pressure Injury Prevalence and the Rate of Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury Among Pediatric Patients in Acute Care
Ivy Razmus1, Sandra Bergquist-Beringer
1Ivy Razmus, PhD, RN, CWOCN, Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Sandra Bergquist-Beringer, PhD, RN, CWCN, University of Kansas Medical Center School of Nursing.
Insights
Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) affect 1.1% of pediatric patients, with higher rates in older children and critical care units. Most HAPIs were Stage 1 or 2, highlighting the need for prevention in acutely ill children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nursing
- Patient Safety
- Healthcare Quality Improvement
Background:
- Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) are a significant concern in pediatric acute care.
- Understanding HAPI prevalence is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and incidence of HAPIs in hospitalized pediatric patients.
- To analyze HAPI rates across different pediatric unit types and patient demographics.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive secondary analysis of 2012 National Database for Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) data.
- Included 39,984 pediatric patients (1 day to 18 years) across 678 units in 271 US hospitals.
Main Results:
- Overall HAPI prevalence was 1.1%.
- HAPI rates varied by age, with highest rates in older children (9-18 years) and lowest in neonates (1-30 days).
- Pediatric critical care and rehabilitation units reported the highest HAPI rates (3.7% and 4.6%, respectively).
Conclusions:
- Acutely ill children are susceptible to developing pressure injuries, including HAPIs.
- Findings provide essential data for benchmarking and improving HAPI prevention in pediatric settings.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and rate of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) in pediatric patients.
Design:
Descriptive, secondary analysis of 2012 data on pressure injuries among pediatric patients from the National Database for Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI).
Subjects And Setting:
The sample included 39,984 patients 1 day to 18 years old from 678 pediatric acute care units (general pediatrics, pediatric critical care, neonatal intensive care, pediatric step-down, and pediatric rehabilitation units) in 271 US hospitals that submitted pressure injury data to the NDNQI for at least 3 quarters during 2012.
Results:
The pressure injury prevalence was 1.4% and the prevalence of HAPI was 1.1%. The rate of HAPI among males was 1.06%, and the rate among females was 1.14%. HAPI rates were highest among children ages 9 to 18 years (1.6%) and 5 to 8 years (1.4%) and lowest among patients 1 to 30 days of age (0.72%). By unit type, HAPIs were highest among patients in pediatric critical care units (3.7%) and pediatric rehabilitation units (4.6%) and lowest in general pediatrics units (0.57%). Most of the HAPIs were Stage 1 and Stage 2 (65.6%); 14.3% were deep tissue pressure injuries and 10.1% were unstageable pressure injuries.
Conclusion:
Acutely ill children develop pressure injuries, including HAPI. Study findings provide data on HAPI from a large sample of hospitalized children and by pediatric unit type for comparison purposes.
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