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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

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Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes02:45

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Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
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Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

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Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
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Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

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Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Enhancing cellulose dissolution in ionic liquid by solid acid addition.

Yahui Meng1, Zhiqiang Pang1, Cuihua Dong1

  • 1Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|March 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing novel cellulose dissolution systems is crucial for biomass processing. This study introduces an efficient solid acid (SA) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidizolium chloride (BmimCl) system, enhancing cellulose solubility under mild conditions.

Keywords:
1-butyl-3-methylimidizolium chlorideCelluloseDissolutionSolid acid

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A Novel Method for the Pentosan Analysis Present in Jute Biomass and Its Conversion into Sugar Monomers Using Acidic Ionic Liquid
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry
  • Biomass Processing

Background:

  • Natural cellulose's high crystallinity hinders dissolution in conventional solvents.
  • Efficient cellulose dissolution is key for biomass valorization and material development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient and environmentally friendly cellulose dissolution system.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of solid acids and ionic liquids on cellulose solubility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combination of solid acids (Amberlyst® 15, CsₓH₃₋ₓPW₁₂O₄₀) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidizolium chloride (BmimCl).
  • Employed N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) as a co-solvent.
  • Characterized regenerated cellulose to assess the non-derivatizing nature of the solvent system.

Main Results:

  • Solid acids significantly enhanced cellulose dissolution in BmimCl.
  • A synergistic effect between solid acid's protons and BmimCl's chloride anions facilitates dissolution.
  • The SA/BmimCl system operates efficiently under mild conditions with facile solvent recovery.
  • Regenerated cellulose confirmed the non-derivatizing nature of the SA/BmimCl solvent.

Conclusions:

  • The developed solid acid/BmimCl system offers an efficient, mild, and recyclable method for dissolving crystalline cellulose.
  • This approach is promising for cost-effective and environmentally friendly biomass processing.
  • The non-derivatizing nature preserves cellulose structure, enabling diverse applications.