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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

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Corneal nerve microstructure in Parkinson's disease.

Stuti L Misra1, Hannah M Kersten2, Richard H Roxburgh3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|March 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease patients show significantly reduced corneal sub-basal nerve density, impacting the peripheral nervous system. This reduction is linked to cognitive dysfunction, suggesting a broader disease involvement beyond the central nervous system.

Keywords:
Corneal sub-basal nervesIn vivo confocal microscopyParkinson’s diseasePeripheral neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Ocular surface changes and abnormal blinking are recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • The link between corneal sub-basal nerve density and blink rate in PD remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate corneal sub-basal nerve density in patients with moderately severe Parkinson's disease.
  • To explore the relationship between corneal nerve density, corneal sensitivity, and cognitive function in PD.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 15 Parkinson's disease patients (Hoehn and Yahr grade 3-4) and 15 controls.
  • Ophthalmic assessment included slit-lamp examination, blink rate, corneal aesthesiometry, and in vivo confocal microscopy.
  • Analysis of disease laterality and correlation with cognitive scores (ACE-R).

Main Results:

  • Corneal sub-basal nerve plexus density was significantly reduced in PD patients (7.56 mm²/mm²) compared to controls (15.91 mm²/mm²), p<0.0001.
  • Corneal sensitivity did not significantly differ between groups (p=0.12).
  • A positive correlation was found between ACE-R scores and sub-basal corneal nerve density (R²=0.66, p=0.02).

Conclusions:

  • This study first reports reduced corneal sub-basal nerve density in Parkinson's disease.
  • The findings suggest peripheral nervous system involvement in PD and a link to cognitive impairment.
  • These results highlight the potential for ocular surface assessment in understanding PD pathophysiology.