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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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A gyroscope is defined as a spinning disk in which the axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation. When spinning, the orientation of the spin axis is unaffected by the orientation of the body that encloses it. The body or vehicle enclosing the gyroscope can be moved from place to place, while the orientation of the spin axis remains the same. This makes gyroscopes very useful in navigation, especially where magnetic compasses cannot be used, such as in crewed and crewless spacecraft,...
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Consider a coffee mug hanging on a hook in a pantry. If the mug gets knocked, it oscillates back and forth like a pendulum until the oscillations die out.
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Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame. The absolute velocity of point B is determined by adding the absolute velocity of point A, the relative velocity of point B in the rotating frame, and the effects caused by the angular velocity within the rotating frame.
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Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
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A dual-axis single-proof-mass angular accelerometer for a vestibular prosthesis.

Yaesuk Jeong, Hakan Toreyin, Anosh Daruwalla

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    |March 9, 2017
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed a compact dual-axis angular accelerometer for vestibular prostheses. This sensor effectively detects head rotations, enabling potential nerve stimulation for balance restoration.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Vestibular disorders affect balance and spatial orientation.
    • Current treatments have limitations, necessitating advanced assistive devices.
    • A key component for a vestibular prosthesis is an accurate head motion sensor.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize a dual-axis angular accelerometer for a vestibular prosthesis.
    • To enable sensing of head rotations in both yaw and pitch planes.
    • To investigate the sensor's potential for encoding neural stimulation signals.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a single-proof-mass angular accelerometer using a high aspect ratio commercial process.
    • Characterization of the sensor's performance, including scale factor and linear acceleration rejection.
    • Estimation of the sensor's power consumption in conjunction with its interface circuit.

    Main Results:

    • A dual-axis angular accelerometer with a small form factor (1.4 mm × 0.8 mm) was successfully developed.
    • The sensor exhibited scale factors of 95.5 μV/rad/sec² (yaw) and 145.8 μV/rad/sec² (pitch).
    • Superior rejection of linear acceleration was demonstrated for both rotational axes, with an estimated power consumption of 296 μW.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed dual-axis accelerometer is suitable for integration into a vestibular prosthesis.
    • The sensor's output can be modulated for vestibular nerve stimulation.
    • This technology offers a promising advancement for restoring balance and spatial orientation.