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Related Concept Videos

Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

4.0K
Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation01:25

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation

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Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
S1 is made by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (atrioventricular valves), marking the beginning of systole.
S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
S2 is made by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), marking the end of the systole.
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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
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Heart sound segmentation using fractal decomposition.

Rijil Thomas, Ling Lieng Hsi, Soh Cheong Boon

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |March 9, 2017
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel multifractality approach for accurately identifying first and second heart sounds, crucial for cardiac diagnosis via phonocardiography and heart sound segmentation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Signal Processing
    • Cardiology
    • Complex Systems Analysis

    Background:

    • Accurate identification of fundamental heart sounds is vital for cardiac diagnosis using phonocardiography.
    • Automated heart sound segmentation aids in analyzing the cardiac cycle.
    • Multifractality analysis shows promise in biomedical applications for signal characterization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To utilize the multifractal properties of heart sounds for automated identification of the first and second heart sounds.
    • To develop a robust method for heart sound segmentation (HSS) applicable in clinical settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed multifractality analysis, specifically using root mean square (rms) fluctuation, to derive singularity spectrum.
    • Decomposed heart sound signals into their fractal components in the time domain.
    • Incorporated a Gaussianity test to filter essential signal components and enhance accuracy.

    Main Results:

    • The multifractality-based method successfully identified fundamental heart sounds (first and second).
    • Performance was validated on an experimental database comprising 23 heart sound recordings and data from 6 patients.
    • The approach demonstrated promising results for heart sound segmentation in a real clinical environment.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multifractality approach offers a promising technique for automated heart sound segmentation.
    • This method can significantly assist in cardiac diagnosis by improving the accuracy of phonocardiography analysis.
    • Further research can explore the application of multifractality in other complex biomedical signals.