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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

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Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
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Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading01:15

Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading

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Understanding beam deflection, particularly for indeterminate beams with overhanging segments and multiple concentrated loads, is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and functionality. The process begins with constructing an accurate free-body diagram, which helps identify the forces and moments acting on the beam. This diagram is vital for visualizing how bending moments vary along the beam's length, influencing its curvature.
The insights from the bending moment diagram extend to...
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Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

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The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving01:14

Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving

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A cantilever beam with a rectangular cross-section under distributed and point loads experiences shearing stresses. The analysis begins by identifying the loads acting on the beam. Then, the reactions at the beam's fixed end are calculated using equilibrium equations. The vertical reaction is a combination of the distributed and point loads, while the moment reaction is the sum of their moments. The shear force distribution along the beam, resulting from these loads, is established by creating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
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Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography

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Multi-material linearization beam hardening correction for computed tomography.

J J Lifton

    Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology
    |March 9, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new linearization method quickly corrects beam hardening artifacts in multi-material computed tomography scans. This technique significantly reduces cupping and streaking, improving image analysis accuracy for diverse materials.

    Keywords:
    Beam hardeningcomputed tomographylinearizationmulti-material

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Materials Science
    • Computational Physics

    Background:

    • Beam hardening artifacts, specifically cupping and streaking, degrade computed tomographic (CT) image quality.
    • Current correction methods for multi-material objects are computationally intensive and segmentation-dependent, risking failure with poor initial segmentation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a novel, fast, multi-material linearization method for correcting beam hardening artifacts in CT.
    • To improve the accuracy of both qualitative and quantitative analysis of CT data from multi-material objects.

    Main Methods:

    • A new multi-material linearization technique was proposed, implemented similarly to mono-material linearization.
    • The method's computational efficiency was assessed, with corrections taking approximately 0.02 seconds per projection.
    • The technique requires prior attenuation measurements of one constituent material.

    Main Results:

    • The new method demonstrated substantial reduction in cupping and streaking artifacts in a multi-material workpiece.
    • Absolute cupping artifacts in steel, titanium, and aluminum spheres were reduced from 22%, 20%, and 20% to 5%, 1%, and 0%, respectively.
    • The method proved to be computationally efficient and effective for multi-material CT imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multi-material linearization method offers a fast and effective solution for beam hardening artifacts in CT.
    • This technique enhances the reliability of CT image analysis for objects composed of multiple materials.
    • The method presents a significant advancement over existing iterative, segmentation-based correction algorithms.