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A Simultaneously Antimicrobial, Protein-Repellent, and Cell-Compatible Polyzwitterion Network.

Monika Kurowska1, Alice Eickenscheidt1, Diana-Lorena Guevara-Solarte1

  • 1Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

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A novel polymer coating (PZI) offers simultaneous antimicrobial, protein-repellent, and cell-compatible properties. This advanced material effectively combats bacterial biofilms on various surfaces, paving the way for improved biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Bacterial biofilms pose significant challenges in biomedical applications, leading to device failure and infections.
  • Existing surface coatings often lack multifunctionality, exhibiting either antimicrobial or protein-repellent properties, but not both.
  • Developing advanced materials that prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation is crucial for enhancing medical device performance and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel, multifunctional polymer network with simultaneous antimicrobial, protein-repellent, and cell-compatible properties.
  • To investigate the efficacy of this polymer coating in preventing bacterial biofilm formation on diverse surfaces.
  • To evaluate the biocompatibility of the developed coating for potential biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • A poly(oxonorbornene)-based zwitterion (PZI) was synthesized and surface-attached via UV-activated CH insertion and thiol-ene reactions.
  • Surface characterization included FTIR, ellipsometry, contact angle, XPS, SPR, zeta potential, and AFM.
  • Antimicrobial activity, protein repellency, biofilm inhibition, and cell compatibility (keratinocytes, red blood cells) were assessed using time-kill assays, SPR, biofilm studies, Alamar Blue assay, live-dead stain, and hemolysis assay.

Main Results:

  • The PZI coating demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity and excellent protein repellency.
  • Effective reduction in the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms was observed.
  • The PZI coating exhibited high compatibility with human keratinocytes and red blood cells, with minimal hemolysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PZI polymer network offers a unique combination of antimicrobial, protein-repellent, and cell-compatible properties.
  • This multifunctional coating effectively inhibits bacterial biofilm formation on various surfaces.
  • PZI presents a promising candidate for advanced biomedical applications, particularly in combating biofilm-related issues on medical devices.