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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors
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Cancer stem cell surface markers on normal stem cells.

Won-Tae Kim1, Chun Jeih Ryu1

  • 1Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.

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|March 9, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer stem cell (CSC) surface markers are crucial for targeted therapies. Most identified CSC markers originate from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or adult stem cells, rarely appearing on normal tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Cancer research
  • Molecular oncology

Background:

  • The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis posits that eliminating CSCs could eradicate cancer.
  • CSC surface markers are key targets for developing molecularly targeted therapies and therapeutic antibodies.
  • Many identified CSC markers are also found on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or adult stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize known CSC surface markers.
  • To analyze the expression patterns of CSC markers in hESCs, adult stem cells, and normal tissue cells.
  • To discuss the implications of these expression patterns for targeted cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and classification of 40 known CSC surface markers.
  • Analysis of marker expression across embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and normal tissue cells.
  • Categorization based on expression profiles in different cell types.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 73% of CSC surface markers are also present on embryonic or adult stem cells and rarely expressed on normal tissues.
  • The remaining CSC markers show considerable expression in normal tissue cells, with some validated by multiple research groups.
  • Categorization reveals distinct expression patterns relevant to therapeutic targeting.

Conclusions:

  • Surface markers from hESCs represent a promising source for discovering novel CSC markers.
  • Understanding marker expression in normal tissues is critical for developing specific and safe targeted therapies.
  • Categorization aids in evaluating the potential of CSC surface markers for clinical applications.