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The Leptin Receptor Complex: Heavier Than Expected?

Joris Wauman1, Lennart Zabeau1, Jan Tavernier1

  • 1Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.

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Leptin and its receptor (ObR) regulate body weight and energy balance. This review covers leptin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, regulates body weight by balancing food intake and energy expenditure.
  • Beyond metabolism, leptin influences immunity, reproduction, and bone metabolism, acting as a metabolic switch.
  • Dysregulation of leptin signaling is implicated in various pathophysiological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an extensive overview of structural insights into the leptin-ObR interface and receptor activation.
  • To detail the signaling pathways coupled to ObR and their negative regulation.
  • To discuss leptin function in normal and pathological states, including potential receptor cross-talk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research.
  • Analysis of structural data regarding the leptin-ObR complex.
  • Discussion of signaling mechanisms and physiological roles.

Main Results:

  • Detailed structural insights into the leptin-ObR interaction and activation mechanisms.
  • Comprehensive overview of leptin's diverse physiological roles and signaling pathways.
  • Exploration of leptin's involvement in obesity, autoimmunity, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Leptin and ObR are crucial regulators of energy homeostasis and diverse physiological processes.
  • Understanding leptin-ObR structure-function relationships is key to deciphering its roles in health and disease.
  • Potential cross-talk with other receptor systems highlights the complexity of leptin signaling.