Label-free cell-substrate adhesion imaging on plasmonic nanocup arrays.

Cell adhesion is a well-established biological process that influences cell function and disease progression. Prior research has shown that adhesion affects migration, differentiation, and survival. Established methods include fluorescence labeling and traction force microscopy. These approaches require labeling or complex instrumentation. This gap motivated the development of label-free and real-time alternatives. No prior work had resolved the challenge of single-cell adhesion monitoring without dyes. Real-time tracking remains limited in accessible platforms. The need for high-throughput, noninvasive methods persists. This paper introduces a novel plasmonic imaging strategy.

The aim of this work is to develop a label-free method for cell-substrate adhesion monitoring. The specific problem is the lack of accessible, real-time tools for single-cell adhesion analysis. The motivation is to enable high-throughput and noninvasive tracking of cell-substrate interactions. This approach avoids fluorescent dyes and complex setups. The technique uses plasmonic substrates with optical sensitivity. The goal is to detect refractive index changes at the cell-substrate interface. The method relies on RGB imaging and histogram analysis. This allows mapping of adhesion patterns in real time.

The method uses plasmonic nanocup arrays as substrates for cell culture. These arrays are sensitive to refractive index changes at the metal-dielectric interface. Brightfield microscopy captures RGB images of the device surface. Color channel histograms are analyzed for intensity peaks. These peaks correspond to refractive index variations caused by cells. The approach does not require fluorescent labeling or external markers. Single-cell adhesion is tracked through spatial distribution of intensity. The system enables high-throughput and real-time imaging. This method maps adhesion at the single-cell level.

The strongest finding is the detection of refractive index changes via RGB histogram analysis. Single-cell adhesion patterns were mapped using intensity peaks in color channels. The technique achieved real-time monitoring of cell-substrate interactions. No fluorescent labels were required for detection. The method enabled high-throughput imaging of cell adhesion. Adhesion dynamics were observed in real time at the single-cell level. The plasmonic substrate provided high sensitivity to refractive index shifts. This approach allowed noninvasive tracking of cell-substrate separation.

The authors propose that plasmonic imaging can detect cell-substrate adhesion without labeling. The method allows real-time tracking of single-cell adhesion dynamics. The technique relies on RGB histogram analysis of intensity peaks. No prior work had demonstrated this level of detail in label-free adhesion imaging. The approach is compatible with brightfield microscopy and accessible equipment. The results suggest potential for high-throughput cell adhesion studies. The system enables noninvasive monitoring of cell-substrate interactions. The findings support further exploration of plasmonic platforms for cell imaging.