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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Is there an association between thyroid function abnormalities and breast cancer?

Anna Angelousi1, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis2, Evangelia Zapanti3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|March 9, 2017
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Summary

Thyroid function abnormalities, particularly hypothyroidism, may be linked to a lower incidence of lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. Further research into thyroid hormones

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Breast Cancer Research

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones play a role in cellular proliferation.
  • Previous in vitro studies suggest thyroid hormones can affect breast cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between thyroid function and breast cancer.
  • To explore thyroid function as a prognostic marker in breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Measured baseline levels of thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine.
  • Assessed thyroid autoantibodies in breast cancer patients, benign breast disease patients, and healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Higher free thyroxine levels were observed in the breast cancer group.
  • Hypothyroidism was associated with a significantly lower incidence of lymph node metastases.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormones may have a proliferative effect on breast cells.
  • Thyroid disease, especially hypothyroidism, shows potential as a favorable prognostic factor in breast cancer.