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Related Concept Videos

Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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Predicting Polygenic Obesity Using Genetic Information.

Ruth J F Loos1, A Cecile J W Janssens2

  • 1The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

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Summary

Predicting obesity risk using genetic variants shows limited success. Traditional factors like family history and childhood obesity remain more effective predictors than genetic susceptibility. Precision medicine for common obesity may face challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Public Health
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obesity results from lifestyle and genetic factors.
  • Over 200 common genetic variants linked to obesity are known.
  • Personalized strategies for obesity risk prediction are of growing interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on obesity prediction.
  • To compare the predictive ability of genetic variants versus traditional predictors.
  • To assess the potential for precision medicine in common obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of obesity prediction models.
  • Analysis of studies incorporating genetic variants.
  • Comparison of predictive performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Models using established genetic variants show limited predictive ability for obesity.
  • Traditional predictors like family history and childhood obesity outperform genetic models.
  • Current genetic approaches offer less predictive power than conventional methods.

Conclusions:

  • Opportunities for precision medicine in common obesity are currently limited.
  • Genetic susceptibility alone is insufficient for accurate obesity risk prediction.
  • Further research may be needed to improve genetic prediction models for obesity.