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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Metabolic Inputs into the Epigenome.

Upasna Sharma¹, Oliver J Rando¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

Cell Metabolism

|March 9, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolism influences epigenetic marks, which regulate gene expression. This review explores how metabolic cues impact epigenetic modifications in both somatic and germ cells, affecting physiological processes and potentially offspring phenotypes.

Keywords:

epigenetics epigenome metabolism transgenerational inheritance

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Published on: January 2, 2009

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Epigenetics
Metabolism

Background:

Epigenetic information complements genomic sequences in intergenerational transmission.
Epigenetic marks regulate diverse physiological processes, independent of heritability.
Metabolic pathways are integral to epigenetic regulation, with metabolites serving as enzyme substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the intricate connections between metabolism and epigenetic modifications.
To explore how metabolic cues influence epigenetic regulation in somatic cells.
To investigate the role of metabolism in regulating the epigenome of germ cells.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on metabolism and epigenetics.
Analysis of molecular pathways linking metabolites to epigenetic modifications.
Examination of evidence for metabolic influence on germline epigenetics.

Main Results:

Metabolic cues directly impact the enzymes responsible for epigenetic modifications.
Ancestral nutrition has been shown to alter offspring metabolic phenotypes.
Metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating epigenetic states in both somatic and germ cells.

Conclusions:

There are widespread links between metabolic processes and epigenetic modifications.
Understanding these links is crucial for comprehending physiological regulation and intergenerational effects.
Further research is warranted to fully elucidate how metabolism shapes the epigenome.