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Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
Published on: April 4, 2022
Multiple sclerosis: Serum-derived exosomes express myelin proteins
Grazyna Galazka1, Marcin P Mycko1, Igor Selmaj1
1Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Background:
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that provide cell-to-cell communication and are involved in immunoregulation.
Objective:
To investigate serum exosomes for the presence of myelin proteins outside the central nervous system (CNS) and their role in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods:
Serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from 45 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 30 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 45 healthy controls. Exosomes were isolated using a polymer formulation method, and their size, concentration, and CNS myelin protein contents were measured by a nanoparticle tracking analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blot.
Results:
We found that exosomes expressed three major myelin proteins, myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Exosomal content of MOG strongly correlated with disease activity and was highest in RRMS patients in relapse and in SPMS patients. Serum-derived exosomes induced proliferation of MOG-T cell receptor transgenic T cells confirming that serum exosomes maintained MOG immunogenicity.
Conclusion:
Exosomes isolated outside CNS tissue expressed myelin proteins, and the presence of MOG correlated strongly with disease activity. We conclude that exosomes might enhance and/or perpetuate anti-myelin immune reactions in MS and may provide novel markers of disease activity.
Insights
Serum exosomes carry myelin proteins, potentially driving immune responses in multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) levels in these exosomes correlate with MS disease activity, suggesting they could be novel biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Extracellular Vesicles Biology
Background:
- Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication and immunoregulation.
- Their presence and role outside the central nervous system (CNS) in neurological diseases are under investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detect myelin proteins within serum exosomes.
- To explore the association of these exosomal myelin proteins with multiple sclerosis (MS) activity.
Main Methods:
- Serum, CSF, and PBMC samples were collected from MS patients and healthy controls.
- Exosomes were isolated and characterized for size, concentration, and myelin protein content (MBP, PLP, MOG) using NTA, ELISA, and Western blot.
Main Results:
- Serum exosomes were found to contain MBP, PLP, and MOG.
- MOG content in exosomes strongly correlated with MS disease activity, being highest in RRMS patients during relapse and in SPMS patients.
- Serum exosomes demonstrated MOG immunogenicity by inducing T cell proliferation.
Conclusions:
- Myelin proteins are present in exosomes outside the CNS.
- Exosomal MOG levels correlate with MS disease activity, suggesting a role in perpetuating anti-myelin immune responses.
- Serum exosomes may serve as novel biomarkers for MS disease activity.
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