Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

3.8K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.8K
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

7.0K
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
7.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis, including older patients and those with more advanced disease (ORATORIO-HAND): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Subclinical brainstem encephalitis in Ramsay Hunt syndrome: a case of radiological-clinical dissociation.

Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska·2026
Same author

Exosomes in Myasthenia Gravis-Review.

Cells·2026
Same author

Failed, Inconclusive or Interrupted Trials in Multiple Sclerosis: 2020-2024 Update.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same author

Interstitial Lung Disease as a Late Occurrence in Ocrelizumab-Treated Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

JAMA neurology·2026
Same author

A new, glycoengineered form of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
06:08

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

3.8K

Multiple sclerosis: Serum-derived exosomes express myelin proteins.

Grazyna Galazka1, Marcin P Mycko1, Igor Selmaj1

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|March 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Serum exosomes carry myelin proteins, potentially driving immune responses in multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) levels in these exosomes correlate with MS disease activity, suggesting they could be novel biomarkers.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisbiomarkersexosomeimmunologymyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

More Related Videos

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment
10:09

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment

Published on: June 2, 2020

7.4K
Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Spleen Tissues
05:27

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Spleen Tissues

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
06:08

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

3.8K
Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment
10:09

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment

Published on: June 2, 2020

7.4K
Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Spleen Tissues
05:27

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Spleen Tissues

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Extracellular Vesicles Biology

Background:

  • Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication and immunoregulation.
  • Their presence and role outside the central nervous system (CNS) in neurological diseases are under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detect myelin proteins within serum exosomes.
  • To explore the association of these exosomal myelin proteins with multiple sclerosis (MS) activity.

Main Methods:

  • Serum, CSF, and PBMC samples were collected from MS patients and healthy controls.
  • Exosomes were isolated and characterized for size, concentration, and myelin protein content (MBP, PLP, MOG) using NTA, ELISA, and Western blot.

Main Results:

  • Serum exosomes were found to contain MBP, PLP, and MOG.
  • MOG content in exosomes strongly correlated with MS disease activity, being highest in RRMS patients during relapse and in SPMS patients.
  • Serum exosomes demonstrated MOG immunogenicity by inducing T cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Myelin proteins are present in exosomes outside the CNS.
  • Exosomal MOG levels correlate with MS disease activity, suggesting a role in perpetuating anti-myelin immune responses.
  • Serum exosomes may serve as novel biomarkers for MS disease activity.