The host response to naturally-derived extracellular matrix biomaterials

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Immunology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Natural biomaterials, including decellularized tissues and hydrogels, are increasingly used in clinical settings.
• Their native composition and structure lead to a distinct foreign body response compared to synthetic materials.
• This response involves direct cell interactions and potential remodeling, differing from non-native biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the foreign body response to natural biomaterials.
• To highlight the unique challenges posed by these materials in clinical applications.
• To emphasize the need for continuous investigation in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of foreign body response to natural biomaterials.
• Analysis of biomaterial composition and structural influences on host response.
• Comparison of responses elicited by natural versus non-native biomaterials.

Main Results:

• Natural biomaterials induce a distinct foreign body response via preserved moieties and remodeling.
• Adaptive immune responses can be elicited by modified native molecules present in these materials.
• The review covers natural polymers, decellularized tissues, cell-derived matrix, tissue-derived hydrogels, and biohybrid materials.

Conclusions:

• The foreign body response to natural biomaterials presents unique challenges requiring further understanding.
• Investigating these responses is essential for advancing regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
• Continued research is vital as the repertoire of biomaterials expands.