EEG-Neurofeedback as a Tool to Modulate Cognition and Behavior: A Review Tutorial.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Science
• Biofeedback

Background:

• Neurofeedback is gaining attention for self-regulation of brain activity.
• It offers potential for cognitive enhancement and therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a review tutorial on electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback studies.
• To discuss mechanisms, practical applications, and theoretical considerations for neurofeedback protocol development.

Main Methods:

• Review of key aspects in developing EEG neurofeedback studies.
• Step-by-step outline of neurofeedback protocol setup.
• Illustration using a frontal-midline theta up-regulation protocol.

Main Results:

• Consideration of mechanisms underlying neurofeedback learning.
• Highlighting practical and theoretical aspects for new protocols.
• Discussion of assessment criteria and efficacy evaluation guidelines.

Conclusions:

• Neurofeedback offers a pathway to alter neural mechanisms of cognition and behavior.
• This review provides a guide for developing and validating neurofeedback protocols.
• Emphasis on practical setup and efficacy assessment for robust research.