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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.

Erika Schneble1, Dan-Corneliu Jinga2, George Peoples2

  • 1Department of General Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

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Immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy and cancer vaccines, is becoming a vital part of breast cancer treatment, offering clinical benefits alongside standard care. Further research is needed to fully understand and harness its potential in fighting breast cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Immunotherapy is an evolving frontier in breast cancer treatment, complementing established therapies.
  • Early challenges in immunotherapy have given way to demonstrable clinical benefits through immunomodulation and cancer vaccines.
  • Passive strategies like anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy have improved outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of breast cancer immunotherapy.
  • To discuss the role of various immunotherapeutic strategies, including mAb therapies and cancer vaccines.
  • To explore the future implications of immunotherapy in breast cancer care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of passive immunotherapeutic strategies, focusing on anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy.
  • Discussion of active immunotherapeutic strategies, such as checkpoint blockade modifiers (also mAb therapy).
  • Exploration of cancer vaccines as active and specific immunotherapy options.

Main Results:

  • Passive immunotherapies, particularly anti-HER2 mAbs, have significantly improved prognosis in HER2-overexpressing breast cancers.
  • Active immunotherapies, including checkpoint blockade modifiers, show promise in clinical trials.
  • Cancer vaccines offer potential as standalone or adjuvant therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy is a critical, though not standalone, component of modern breast cancer treatment.
  • The complexity of immune system-tumor interactions necessitates continued development in cancer immunotherapy.
  • Immunotherapy holds significant promise for advancing future breast cancer care.