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Related Concept Videos

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
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A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula01:29

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Oxygen therapy is critical to patient care, especially for those struggling with respiratory issues. This intervention increases the oxygen concentration in the lungs, enhancing the amount of oxygen transported to the body's tissues. One standard method of delivering supplemental oxygen is through a nasal cannula, a non-invasive device that provides low to medium oxygen concentrations.
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Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

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Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
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Cannulation techniques for extracorporeal life support.

Evgeny Pavlushkov1, Marius Berman1, Kamen Valchanov1

  • 1Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, UK.

Annals of Translational Medicine
|March 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This review covers cannulation strategies for extracorporeal life support (ELS) modes. It details technical aspects, pitfalls, and complications for various ELS systems, including ECMO and biventricular assist devices.

Keywords:
BiVADCannulationECLSECMObiventricular assist deviceextracorporeal CO2 removalextracorporeal life supportextracorporeal membrane oxygenation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Sciences
  • Medical Technology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Extracorporeal life support (ELS) offers advanced treatment options for critical cardiorespiratory failure.
  • Optimizing cannulation strategies is crucial for ELS efficacy and patient safety.
  • Various ELS modalities, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and biventricular assist devices (BiVAD), require tailored approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review cannulation strategies across different ELS modalities.
  • To elucidate technical aspects, potential pitfalls, and complications associated with ELS cannulation.
  • To provide guidance for clinicians managing patients on ELS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cannulation techniques for various ELS modes.
  • Analysis of technical considerations for central and peripheral cannulation in VA, VV, VAV, and VVA ECMO.
  • Examination of cannulation strategies for BiVAD and extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R).

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of cannulation techniques for different ELS configurations.
  • Identification of common pitfalls, such as malpositioning and recirculation.
  • Discussion of associated complications, including bleeding, thrombosis, and infection.

Conclusions:

  • Effective cannulation is paramount for successful ELS implementation.
  • Understanding specific strategies and potential complications is vital for optimizing patient outcomes.
  • This review serves as a resource for navigating the complexities of ELS cannulation.