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Discrimination Factors and Incorporation Rates for Organic Matrix in Shark Teeth Based on a Captive Feeding Study.

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    Physiological and Biochemical Zoology : PBZ
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    Summary

    Stable isotope analysis of shark teeth reveals diet-specific discrimination factors, differing from soft tissues. These findings are crucial for interpreting the complex ecology of migratory sharks using teeth as a reliable source.

    Keywords:
    blue sharkcarboncontrolled feeding studyleopard sharknitrogenstable isotope analysis

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    Area of Science:

    • Marine Biology
    • Biogeochemistry
    • Paleoecology

    Background:

    • Sharks exhibit complex migratory behaviors and diverse diets, making lifestyle and dietary analyses challenging.
    • Stable isotope analysis is a valuable biogeochemical tool for reconstructing shark diet and habitat preferences.
    • While soft tissues have been studied, shark teeth remain underutilized for stable isotope analysis despite their potential for multiple ecological snapshots.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) values in leopard shark teeth (Triakis semifasciata) to determine discrimination factors and incorporation rates.
    • To compare tooth-based isotopic data with those from shark soft tissues.
    • To apply findings to interpret stable isotope data from blue shark (Prionace glauca) teeth, highlighting the importance of biological parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of the organic matrix within leopard shark teeth from a controlled captive experiment.
    • Quantification of isotopic discrimination factors based on different prey sources (squid and tilapia).
    • Determination of carbon and nitrogen incorporation rates in shark teeth.

    Main Results:

    • Significant differences in tooth discrimination factors were observed between sharks fed squid versus tilapia (e.g., Δ13Csquid = 4.7‰ ± 0.5‰ vs. Δ13Ctilapia = 3.1‰ ± 1.0‰).
    • These tooth discrimination factors differed from previously reported values for leopard shark plasma, red blood cells, and muscle.
    • Incorporation rates for carbon and nitrogen in shark teeth were similar (λC = 0.021 ± 0.009, λN = 0.024 ± 0.007) and comparable to plasma.

    Conclusions:

    • Shark teeth provide valuable, minimally invasive ecological snapshots, but biological parameters like tissue substrate and diet must be considered for accurate stable isotope interpretation.
    • The distinct discrimination factors found in teeth highlight the need for species- and tissue-specific calibration when using stable isotopes to study shark ecology.
    • This research underscores the importance of accounting for dietary variations and tissue-specific isotopic signatures for a comprehensive understanding of migratory shark diets and habitats.