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Physical activity levels determine exercise-induced changes in brain excitability.

Tea Lulic1, Jenin El-Sayes1, Hunter J Fassett1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

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High physical activity individuals show greater motor cortex plasticity after aerobic exercise. A single exercise session reduces motor cortex inhibition in all participants, potentially enhancing plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Regular physical activity influences cortical function and neuroplasticity.
  • Understanding how physical activity levels modulate exercise-induced brain plasticity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of physical activity levels on corticospinal excitability and intracortical circuitry following aerobic exercise.
  • To determine if exercise-induced short-term plasticity differs between high and low physically active individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-eight healthy adults were divided into low-to-moderate (LOW) and high (HIGH) physical activity groups.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation assessed motor evoked potentials (MEP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) before and after a 20-minute aerobic exercise session.
  • Measurements included resting MEP (MEPREST), active MEP (MEPACTIVE), and resting/active intracortical circuits.

Main Results:

  • Motor cortex excitability (MEPREST) increased post-exercise in the HIGH group only.
  • Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) decreased in both groups after exercise.
  • Active MEP (MEPACTIVE) and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) remained unchanged by the exercise intervention.

Conclusions:

  • The capacity for exercise-induced motor cortex plasticity is dependent on an individual's habitual physical activity level.
  • A single bout of aerobic exercise can temporarily decrease motor cortex inhibition, potentially preparing the neural system for plasticity.