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Interferon gamma in acute and subacute encephalitis.

P Lebon1, B Boutin, O Dulac

  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 43, Hôpital St-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris.

British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
|January 2, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Interferon gamma is synthesized in the central nervous system during herpes encephalitis, but not in measles or rubella encephalitis. Antibody production appears to switch off this interferon gamma synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurovirology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Herpes encephalitis is a severe neurological condition often associated with viral replication in the central nervous system.
  • Interferons (IFNs) are crucial signaling proteins in the innate immune response to viral infections.
  • Understanding the specific immune responses, like interferon production, is key to diagnosing and managing encephalitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and dynamics of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interferon alpha (IFN-α) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum during various forms of encephalitis.
  • To correlate interferon synthesis with viral replication and antibody production in the central nervous system.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from patients with herpes encephalitis, measles encephalitis, rubella encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

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  • Detection of interferon gamma and interferon alpha using immunological assays.
  • Assessment of specific antibody levels in the central nervous system.

    • Main Results:

    • Intrathecal synthesis of interferon gamma was detected in 14/16 patients with herpes encephalitis early in the disease, alongside interferon alpha.
    • Interferon gamma synthesis decreased as specific antibodies increased in the central nervous system.
    • No endogenous interferon gamma was detected in patients with measles encephalitis, rubella encephalitis, or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis during the early stages.

    Conclusions:

    • Interferon gamma is actively produced intrathecally during acute herpes encephalitis, indicating a specific immune response.
    • The cessation of interferon gamma synthesis correlates with rising specific antibody levels in the CNS, suggesting immune regulation.
    • The absence of interferon gamma in other encephalitis forms highlights differential immune responses to various viral agents.