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Adhesion

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...

Contact Angle

Contact Angle

When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive...

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...

Adherens Junctions

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types – adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

Gas-like adhesion of two-dimensional materials onto solid surfaces.

Zhengrong Guo¹, Tienchong Chang^2,3, Xingming Guo²

¹Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China. guozhengrong@shu.edu.cn.

Scientific Reports

|March 11, 2017

Summary

Two-dimensional (2D) material adhesion is a gas-like adsorption, not solid-solid contact. This occurs due to configurational entropy differences, impacting device design and nanoscale actuators.

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Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

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Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Two-dimensional (2D) material adhesion is typically viewed as mechanical solid-solid contact.
Understanding adhesion mechanisms is crucial for developing 2D material-based technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the fundamental nature of 2D material adhesion to solid surfaces.
To reveal the underlying physical mechanisms governing this adhesion process.

Main Methods:

Atomistic simulations were employed to model the interaction between 2D materials and surfaces.
Theoretical modeling was used to analyze the energy conversion and entropic contributions during adhesion.

Main Results:

Adhesion of 2D materials involves energy conversion between heat and mechanical work, akin to gas-like adsorption.
The primary mechanism identified is a configurational entropy difference between freestanding and adhered 2D materials.
Adhesion-induced entropy increases with higher adhesion energy and shorter binding distances.

Conclusions:

2D material adhesion is fundamentally a gas-like adsorption process driven by entropy.
This finding offers a new perspective on 2D material interactions.
The results have implications for designing advanced 2D material devices and nanoscale actuators.