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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

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Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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Bioinformatics Study of Structural Patterns in Plant MicroRNA Precursors.

J Miskiewicz1, K Tomczyk1, A Mickiewicz2

  • 1Institute of Computing Science and European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland.

Biomed Research International
|March 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored how plant microRNAs are identified within their precursors. This bioinformatics study focused on identifying sequence and structural motifs near microRNAs in pre-miRNAs.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The RNA world theory posits RNA's foundational role in early life.
  • Small non-coding regulatory RNAs, like microRNAs (miRNAs), are crucial for gene expression.
  • Plant miRNAs regulate growth, development, and stress responses, but their biogenesis is less understood than in animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the recognition mechanisms of plant microRNAs within their precursor molecules (pre-miRNAs).
  • To identify sequence and structural motifs involved in miRNA processing in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics analysis of pre-miRNA sequences.
  • Identification of sequential and structural motifs in the vicinity of mature miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • The study identified specific sequence and structural features within pre-miRNAs that are important for miRNA recognition.
  • These findings shed light on the less-understood aspects of plant miRNA biogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The identified motifs provide insights into how plant cells distinguish and process miRNAs from precursors.
  • Further understanding of plant miRNA biogenesis can impact agricultural and biotechnological applications.