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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Cell Migration01:09

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Concentric Gel System to Study the Biophysical Role of Matrix Microenvironment on 3D Cell Migration
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Concentric Gel System to Study the Biophysical Role of Matrix Microenvironment on 3D Cell Migration

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Collective cell migration: a physics perspective.

Vincent Hakim1, Pascal Silberzan2

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, UPMC, Paris, France.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|March 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells can move together as coordinated groups, not just individually. This collective cell migration is crucial in development and disease, with new physics-based tools enhancing our understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantitative cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cellular dynamics

Background:

  • Traditional view: cells as independent or static entities.
  • Emerging understanding: cells exhibit collective, coordinated motion.
  • Collective cell migration is observed in development, physiology, and pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent advances in understanding collective cell migration.
  • Highlight the interdisciplinary approach combining biology and physics.
  • Showcase the impact of new technologies on studying cell dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of advanced imaging and microscopy techniques.
  • Application of microfabrication for creating model systems.
  • Utilization of quantitative tools and computational models.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of collective cell migration in various biological contexts.
  • Advancements in visualizing and analyzing cell movement dynamics.
  • Establishment of physics-based frameworks for studying cellular collectives.

Conclusions:

  • Collective cell migration is a fundamental biological process.
  • Interdisciplinary research, particularly at the biology-physics interface, is crucial.
  • Quantitative approaches offer powerful insights into out-of-equilibrium cell behaviors.