Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

18.4K

Bone fracture in severe small-for-gestational-age, extremely low birth weight infants: A single-center analysis

Hidehiko Maruyama1, Shoichiro Amari1, Hideshi Fujinaga1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.

Early Human Development
|March 11, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Lower birth weight and lower birth weight-standard deviation are risk factors for bone fractures in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs). Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia may also contribute to fractures in these infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Bone fractures are a significant complication in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs).
  • Severe small-for-gestational-age (SGA) ELBWIs may face increased risks.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk factors associated with bone fractures in severe SGA ELBWIs.
  • To analyze the relationship between perinatal factors, serum mineral levels, and bone fracture occurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of ELBWIs (<1000g birth weight and <-2 SDs) from 2013-2015.
  • Comparison of infants with and without bone fractures.
  • Analysis of gestational age, birth weight, birth weight-standard deviation, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus levels.

Main Results:

  • Five cases of bone fracture were identified among 25 severe SGA ELBWIs.
  • Fracture group had significantly lower birth weight (448±105g vs. 673±216g) and birth weight-SD (-4.1±0.1 vs. -3.4±0.8).
  • Lower minimum serum calcium (6.6±1.4mg/dl vs. 8.1±0.8mg/dl) and phosphorus (2.3±0.6mg/dl vs. 3.5±1.1mg/dl) levels were observed in the fracture group.

Conclusions:

  • Lower birth weight and birth weight-standard deviation are identified as potential risk factors for bone fractures in severe SGA ELBWIs.
  • Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia are suggested as contributing factors to bone fractures in this population.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and guide clinical interventions.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bone fractureExtremely low birth weight infantHypocalcemiaHypophosphatemiaSmall for gestational age

More Related Videos

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.5K
Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects07:35

Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects

Published on: April 11, 2012

18.9K

Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
6.1K
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
763
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.8K
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
890
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
12.4K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
13.9K