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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

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Systemic Human ILC Precursors Provide a Substrate for Tissue ILC Differentiation.

Ai Ing Lim1, Yan Li2, Silvia Lopez-Lastra3

  • 1Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France.

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|March 12, 2017
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Summary

Scientists discovered circulating and tissue innate lymphoid cell precursors (ILCPs) in humans. These precursors can generate all mature innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets in situ, supporting a new model of ILC development.

Keywords:
cell fatecytokinesdevelopmenthumanized miceinnate lymphoid cellslymphopoiesissignalingsingle cell cloningtranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial immune cells with diverse functions.
  • The developmental pathways of ILCs from their precursors (ILCPs) into mature, tissue-resident cells are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize human innate lymphoid cell precursors (ILCPs).
  • To investigate the differentiation potential of human ILCPs into various ILC subsets.
  • To elucidate the process of ILC development in tissues, termed 'ILC-poiesis'.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of circulating and tissue ILCPs in humans.
  • In vitro and in vivo differentiation assays to assess ILCP potential.
  • Analysis of transcription factor expression and epigenetic states of ILCPs.

Main Results:

  • Human ILCPs were identified with poised epigenetic configurations at signature gene loci.
  • ILCPs demonstrated robust generation of all major ILC subsets (NK, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3) in vitro and in vivo.
  • ILCPs retained differentiation potential even in the absence of key transcription factors like RORC.

Conclusions:

  • A model of 'ILC-poiesis' is proposed, where systemic ILCPs differentiate into diverse ILC subsets within tissues.
  • Local environmental signals likely direct ILCP differentiation in response to tissue-specific needs.
  • This finding clarifies a critical gap in understanding innate immune cell development and tissue adaptation.