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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

18.6K
Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

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Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes

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Transporters Revealed.

Jyh-Yeuan Lee1, Daniel M Rosenbaum2

  • 1Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.

Cell
|March 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural insights into ATP-binding cassette subfamily C (ABCC) transporters reveal mechanisms behind their diverse functions in drug resistance and ion transport. Cryo-EM structures illuminate how these transporters operate.

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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are crucial membrane proteins involved in various cellular processes.
  • The ABC subfamily C (ABCC) is implicated in multidrug resistance and ion channel regulation.
  • Understanding ABCC transporter structure is key to deciphering their diverse physiological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis for the functional diversity of ABCC transporters.
  • To provide atomic or near-atomic resolution structures of key ABCC transporters.
  • To correlate structural features with the known functions of ABCC transporters.

Main Methods:

  • Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was employed.
  • High-resolution structures were determined for three significant ABCC transporters: MRP1, SUR1, and CFTR.
  • Structural data was analyzed to identify key functional domains and conformational states.

Main Results:

  • Atomic or near-atomic resolution structures of MRP1, SUR1, and CFTR were obtained.
  • Detailed structural features explaining the diverse functions of these ABCC transporters were revealed.
  • The findings provide a structural framework for understanding ABCC transporter mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Cryo-EM structures offer unprecedented insights into ABCC transporter function.
  • Structural diversity directly correlates with the varied physiological roles of ABCC transporters.
  • These findings advance the understanding of multidrug resistance and ion transport mechanisms.