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Related Concept Videos

What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

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Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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The S(c)ensory Immune System Theory.

Henrique Veiga-Fernandes1, António A Freitas2

  • 1Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edifício Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.

Trends in Immunology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The immune system

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Systems Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Immune system theories have evolved, including clonal selection, idiotypic networks, and danger/tolerance models.
  • Multicellular organisms feature complex cell interactions and continuous immune cell generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a new framework for understanding immune system behavior in multicellular organisms.
  • Define the immune system's role in maintaining organismic homeostasis and physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis integrating evolutionary, developmental, and systems biology perspectives.
  • Examination of fundamental rules governing cell survival and organismic balance.

Main Results:

  • Immune system behavior is dictated by rules of cell survival, systems physiology, and organismic homeostasis.
  • These rules originated at the single-cell level and were modified during the evolution of multicellularity.

Conclusions:

  • The 'sensory immune system' emerged to ensure physiological and homeostatic balance.
  • This system acts as a 'sensor' to maintain the organism and perpetuate its genetic material.