iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics discovering potential serum biomarkers in locoweed poisoned rabbits

Locoism threatens the sustainable development of animal husbandry in areas around the world with intensified desertification, especially in the western United States, western China, Canada, and Mexico, among other countries. This study was conducted to discover potential serum biomarkers in locoweed-poisoned rabbits and lay a foundation for early diagnosis of locoism. We performed iTRAQ labeling coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS), comparing locoweed-poisoned rabbits and healthy controls. A total of 78 differentially-expressed proteins (fold change > 1.5 or < 0.67) were identified in the locoweed-poisoned rabbits compared to healthy controls. We found that 57.70% of differentially-expressed proteins were functionally related, and through bioinformatics analysis, we were able to construct a network mainly in complement and coagulation cascades. Significant differences in thrombospondin 4 (THBS4), kininogen 1 (KNG1), hemoglobin (HBB), and complement factor I (CFI) between locoweed poisoned animals and controls were found (P < 0.05) and validated by western blotting. These results suggested that locoweed could damage neurocytes, lower immunity, and form thrombi in rabbits. Our study proposes potential biomarkers for locoism diagnosis and also provides a new experimental basis to understand the pathogenesis of locoism.