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Thoracic Complications in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Sameer Khanijo1, Pragati Tandon2, Cristina P Sison3
1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY.
Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia
|March 13, 2017
Summary
Thoracic complications are common in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Pneumonia is the most frequent diagnosis, but lung cancer and leukemic infiltrates also occur, impacting patient mortality.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Pulmonology
- Oncology
Background:
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a prevalent lymphoproliferative disorder globally.
- Thoracic complications frequently occur in CLL patients, yet their causes are not well-documented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To categorize the spectrum of pulmonary complaints and diagnoses in hospitalized CLL patients.
- To identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality in CLL patients with respiratory issues.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review of CLL patients admitted with respiratory complaints between 2001-2013.
- Analysis of patient demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnoses, and invasive procedures performed.
- Multivariable analysis to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality.
Main Results:
- 277 CLL patients experienced 409 admissions for respiratory complaints.
- Pneumonia (62.8%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by pleural effusions (31.8%), lung cancer (6.9%), and leukemic infiltrates (5.9%).
- In-hospital mortality was 24.9%, significantly correlated with elevated BUN/creatinine, thrombocytopenia, and dyspnea.
Conclusions:
- Thoracic manifestations are frequent in hospitalized CLL patients.
- While pneumonia is common, increasing opportunistic infections and direct leukemic lung damage require recognition.
- Timely diagnosis of thoracic complications can guide management, including treatment adjustments and agent removal.
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