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Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Optimizing Retinal Tissue Processing for Immunohistochemistry in Rabbit Models

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Section detachment in immunohistochemistry: causes, troubleshooting, and problem-solving.

Alessandro Gambella¹, Lucia Porro¹, Simona Pigozzi^1,2

¹Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.

Histochemistry and Cell Biology

|March 13, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Section detachment in immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a common issue. This study identified key pre-analytical factors like section thickness and slide aging that cause detachment, leading to a 34% reduction with standardized procedures.

Keywords:

Immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry troubleshooting Quality assurance Section detachment

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Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

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Published on: November 10, 2023

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Area of Science:

Histopathology and Laboratory Medicine
Quality Assurance in Diagnostics

Background:

Section detachment is a frequent problem in immunohistochemistry (IHC), impacting diagnostic and research efficiency.
Despite its prevalence, the causes of IHC section detachment have been inadequately explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the primary causes of section detachment in IHC.
To develop a quality-assured laboratory protocol to minimize section detachment frequency.

Main Methods:

Screened 3349 IHC sections, identifying 177 cases (5.3%) with detachment.
Investigated seven pre-analytical factors: section/slide aging, thickness, contamination, brand, human influence, and sample fixation.
Conducted targeted experiments varying these factors and used blinded operators to assess causes.

Main Results:

Section thickness, slide aging, slide brand, human influence, and sample size/fixation were identified as critical factors.
Implementation of recommendations resulted in a 34% decrease in section detachment.

Conclusions:

Standardizing the pre-analytical phase within a quality assurance program is crucial for minimizing IHC section detachment.
Addressing identified factors can significantly improve laboratory efficiency and reduce costs associated with section loss.